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Home The Constitution Part XIVA

Part XIVA: Tribunals

Articles 323A–323B · A short but significant Part, added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976, giving Parliament the constitutional basis to set up specialised Tribunals — outside the regular court hierarchy — to handle specific categories of disputes like service matters and administrative issues.

Key Articles

The provisions in this Part cited most often

With landmark Supreme Court cases that shaped how they're actually applied.

Art. 323A

Administrative Tribunals

Lets Parliament establish Administrative Tribunals (like the Central Administrative Tribunal, CAT) to adjudicate disputes about recruitment and service conditions of public servants — meant to be faster and more specialised than ordinary courts.

L. Chandra Kumar v. Union of IndiaAIR 1997 SC 1125 — Held that Tribunal decisions are still subject to judicial review by the High Courts under Article 226/227 — Tribunals can't be a total substitute for the High Courts' oversight power. Verify this case
Every Article In This Part

All of Articles 323A–323B

Grouped by subject so related provisions stay together — every article number in this Part is covered below.

Art. 323A
Administrative Tribunals

Parliament can establish Tribunals to adjudicate disputes relating to recruitment and service conditions of persons in public services.

Art. 323B
Tribunals for other matters

Parliament or a State Legislature can establish Tribunals for other specified matters — like tax, land reforms, elections, or industrial/labour disputes — within their respective law-making powers.

See This In Practice

Related rights categories

Labour & Employment Rights

Wages, termination, PF, safety, and gig-worker protections.

Consumer Rights

Faulty products, refunds, e-commerce fraud, and consumer courts.

Frequently Asked

Quick answers about this Part

Can I skip a Tribunal and go straight to the High Court?
It depends on the specific Tribunal and law — many require you to approach the Tribunal first, but its decisions remain subject to judicial review by the High Court, since that oversight power can't be fully excluded.
← PreviousPart XIV: Services Under the Union and the States Next →Part IX: The Panchayats

This is a plain-language guide to Part XIVA of the Constitution of India for general educational purposes, not a substitute for the bare text of the Constitution or professional legal advice. Article numbering and content reflect amendments up to 2026; always cross-check the authoritative text at india.gov.in or legislative.gov.in before relying on it for a legal matter.