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Art. 323B Part XIVA: Tribunals

Tribunals for Other Matters

Exact text — Constitution of India

(1) The appropriate Legislature may, by law, provide for the adjudication or trial by tribunals of any disputes, complaints, or offences with respect to all or any of the matters specified in clause (2) with respect to which such Legislature has power to make laws.

(2) The matters referred to in clause (1) are the following, namely:—(a) levy, assessment, collection and enforcement of any tax; (b) foreign exchange, import and export; (c) industrial and labour disputes; (d) land reforms...; (e) ceiling on urban property; (f) elections to either House of Parliament or the House or either House of the Legislature of a State...; (g) production, procurement, supply and distribution of food-stuffs...; (h) rent, its regulation and control and tenancy issues...; and (i) offences against laws with respect to any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (h) and fees in respect of any of those matters.

In Plain English

What this Article actually means

The broader companion to Article 323A — instead of being limited to public-service disputes, this Article lets Parliament OR a State Legislature (whichever has law-making power over the relevant subject) create specialised tribunals for a wide list of subjects: tax disputes, foreign exchange, labour disputes, land reform, rent control, elections, and food distribution, among others.
Why This Matters To You

How it shows up in everyday life

This Article is why specialised bodies like Income Tax Appellate Tribunals, Industrial Tribunals for labour disputes, and Rent Tribunals/Authorities (relevant to our Tenant & Landlord Rights category) exist as dedicated forums instead of routing every such dispute through the general civil court system.

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Frequently Asked

Quick answers about Article 323B

Is a Rent Authority under the Model Tenancy Act created using this Article?
Yes — Rent Authorities/Courts/Tribunals set up under state tenancy legislation draw on this Article's framework, which allows specialised tribunals for rent regulation and tenancy disputes.

The text above reproduces Article 323B of the Constitution of India as amended to date, for general educational reference. It is public-domain legislative text, but we recommend cross-checking the authoritative version at legislative.gov.in or india.gov.in before relying on it for a legal matter. The explanation, examples and FAQs are general information, not legal advice — consult a qualified advocate for guidance on your specific situation.