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Family & Access to Justice 4 min read

Police Refusing to File Your FIR? Here's Your Escalation Path

Registering an FIR for a cognizable offence isn't optional for police — if they refuse, you have real options.

For a cognizable offence (serious enough to arrest and investigate without a magistrate's order), police are legally required to register an FIR the moment they receive information disclosing it — this isn't discretionary.

If a station refuses, you can approach the Superintendent of Police (SP) in writing, describing what happened. Under BNSS Section 175, you can also approach a magistrate directly, who can order the police to register the FIR or investigate.

"Zero FIR" also applies — you can file at any police station regardless of where the offence occurred, and it gets transferred to the right jurisdiction afterward. You don't have to be turned away because "it's not our area."

BNSS Sec. 173

The duty to register an FIR for a cognizable offence

BNSS Sec. 175

Your route to a magistrate if a station won't act

Quick Answers

Still wondering about...

What if I don't know which offences are "cognizable"?
Most serious crimes (assault, theft, sexual offences, fraud above certain thresholds) are cognizable — when in doubt, insist on a written acknowledgment of your complaint even if they're unsure.

Adhikar is an independent citizen-awareness platform, not a Government of India website and doesn't take a position on the NEET protests themselves — this is general information about rights every student already has, not legal advice for a specific situation. For that, contact a lawyer or the free legal aid helpline (15100).