Validation of Appointments of, and Judgments, etc., Delivered by, Certain District Judges
Notwithstanding any judgment, decree or order of any court,—(a)(i) no appointment of any person... to be a district judge in any State shall be deemed to be illegal or void or ever to have become illegal or void by reason only of the fact that such appointment was not made in consultation with the High Court; ... and (b) no jurisdiction exercised, no judgment, decree, sentence or order passed or made, and no other act or proceeding done or taken, before the commencement of the Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 1967, by, or before, any person appointed... to be a district judge shall be deemed to be illegal or invalid merely on the ground that the appointment of such person... was not made in accordance with the provisions of article 233 or article 235. [Added by the 20th Amendment, 1967]
What this Article actually means
How it shows up in everyday life
This is a genuinely important practical Article — without it, a technical flaw in how certain judges were appointed could have retroactively invalidated countless court decisions, causing enormous legal disruption; this Article specifically protected the finality and validity of those past judicial proceedings.
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Quick answers about Article 233A
Why was this Article specifically needed?
The text above reproduces Article 233A of the Constitution of India as amended to date, for general educational reference. It is public-domain legislative text, but we recommend cross-checking the authoritative version at legislative.gov.in or india.gov.in before relying on it for a legal matter. The explanation, examples and FAQs are general information, not legal advice — consult a qualified advocate for guidance on your specific situation.