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Home The Constitution Part V Article 148
Art. 148 Part V: The Union

Comptroller and Auditor-General of India

Exact text — Constitution of India

(1) There shall be a Comptroller and Auditor-General of India who shall be appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal and shall only be removed from his office in like manner and on the like grounds as a Judge of the Supreme Court. (3) The salary and other conditions of service of the Comptroller and Auditor-General shall be such as may be determined by Parliament by law and, until they are so determined, shall be as specified in the Second Schedule... and shall not be varied to his disadvantage after his appointment.

In Plain English

What this Article actually means

This Article establishes the CAG — India's independent auditor of all government spending, Union and State alike — with the SAME extraordinarily strong removal protection as a Supreme Court judge (the demanding two-House impeachment-style process), and the same 'no disadvantageous variation' salary protection, giving this office genuine institutional independence from the government it audits.
Why This Matters To You

How it shows up in everyday life

This is why the CAG can publish genuinely critical, sometimes politically explosive audit reports on government spending and programme implementation without fear of being removed or financially pressured by an unhappy government — the same robust independence protections given to the judiciary apply here too.

Related Articles

Read alongside this one

Art. 149 — Duties and Powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General
Frequently Asked

Quick answers about Article 148

Can the government simply replace a CAG whose audit reports it doesn't like?
No — removal requires the same demanding two-House, judge-like impeachment process as a Supreme Court judge, making it extraordinarily difficult for a government to remove a CAG purely for producing unwelcome findings.
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The text above reproduces Article 148 of the Constitution of India as amended to date, for general educational reference. It is public-domain legislative text, but we recommend cross-checking the authoritative version at legislative.gov.in or india.gov.in before relying on it for a legal matter. The explanation, examples and FAQs are general information, not legal advice — consult a qualified advocate for guidance on your specific situation.