An assembly of five or more people is "unlawful" if their common object is to overawe the government or a public servant by criminal force, resist the execution of law, commit mischief or trespass, forcibly take possession of property or enforce a right, or compel someone to do something illegal by criminal force.
- Punishable with imprisonment up to 6 months, a fine, or both, just for being a member of such an assembly — no violence needs to have actually occurred yet.
Being part of a gathering with one of these specific unlawful "common objects" is itself an offence, distinct from and lesser than what happens if that gathering turns violent (rioting).
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This is a plain-English summary, not verbatim statutory text. Adhikar is an independent citizen-awareness platform, not a Government of India website. Always verify against the bare Act (legislative.gov.in) or a qualified advocate before relying on this for an actual legal situation.