Home The Constitution Part V Article 121

Art. 121 Part V: The Union

Restriction on Discussion in Parliament

Exact text — Constitution of India

No discussion shall take place in Parliament with respect to the conduct of any Judge of the Supreme Court or of a High Court in the discharge of his duties except upon a motion for presenting an address to the President praying for the removal of the Judge as hereinafter provided.

In Plain English

What this Article actually means

This Article protects judicial independence by specifically barring Parliament from generally discussing or criticising a judge's conduct in their judicial duties — the ONLY permitted context is a formal motion specifically seeking that judge's removal through the constitutionally prescribed impeachment-style process, not casual or political criticism during ordinary Parliamentary business.

Why This Matters To You

How it shows up in everyday life

This is an important structural safeguard for judicial independence — it prevents Parliament from using its floor as a platform to routinely criticize or pressure individual judges over their judicial decisions, reserving formal scrutiny of judicial conduct specifically for the serious, structured removal process.

Read alongside this one

Art. 124 — Establishment and Independence of the Supreme Court

Frequently Asked

Quick answers about Article 121

Can an MP criticize a specific court judgment during a Parliamentary debate?

This Article specifically restricts discussion of a JUDGE's CONDUCT in discharging their duties, which is understood somewhat differently from general commentary on a judgment's legal merits — though the precise boundary can be a matter of interpretation and parliamentary convention.

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The text above reproduces Article 121 of the Constitution of India as amended to date, for general educational reference. It is public-domain legislative text, but we recommend cross-checking the authoritative version at legislative.gov.in or india.gov.in before relying on it for a legal matter. The explanation, examples and FAQs are general information, not legal advice — consult a qualified advocate for guidance on your specific situation.